The physical setting of the Acidic Boulderfield natural community consists of boulders on a steep slope fully exposed to the sun. The combination of lack of soil and the extreme summer temperatures on the exposed boulders explains why virtually nothing except lichens can survive here. The boulders are highly durable, acidic, quartz-rich rocks that are quite resistant to the natural processes that form soil (weathering). What little soil exists here is extremely acidic, composed mostly of decayed leaves (from surrounding natural communities) or other organic matter, and lacking the kinds of minerals or elements that help plants grow.

For a study in contrasts, compare this natural community to the Rich Boulderfield Forest at Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.